Electronic trowel

ABSTRACT

Electronic trowels, systems and methods of applying a layer of material using the present electronic trowels. The various electronic trowels include a handle, at least one blade, and one or more sensors residing on or within the trowel. The trowel is for applying a layer of material over a surface area, whereby the one or more sensors detect and collect material installation data during application of the layer of material over the surface area. One or more electronic devices coupled to the one or more sensors receive and analyze the collected installation data for monitoring and controlling the application of the layer of material to ensure a desired end product is achieved. Application errors may be detected before, during, or after the installation process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to tools for finishing concrete, plaster,and similar materials, and in particular, trowels having electronics fordetecting, monitoring, and controlling trowel usage, trowel performance,material applications, and end-user performance.

2. Description of Related Art

A trowel is a tool often used to mix, apply, spread, shape, and/orsmooth loose or aqueous materials. Trowels are often used in gardening,and in the construction industry for applying concrete, cementitiousmaterials (e.g., mortar, grout, etc.), plaster, masonry, drywall,adhesives, and the like. In the construction industry, trowels are usedfor tiling and laying synthetic flooring. Current trowels include bothsmall hand-held tool trowels or larger power trowels (e.g., largergasoline or electrically powered walk-behind device with rotatingpaddles used to finish concrete floors).

Hand-held trowels are typically used in applying cementitious materials,such as, mortars, grouts, adhesives, and the like. In laying flooring ortiling, mortars (e.g., thin set mortars) are applied over a substrate tobond decorative flooring (e.g., tile) to the substrate. In a proper tileinstallation, the cementitious materials must be applied over asubstrate to a predefined thickness and consistency so that the materialbonds tile to the substrate for providing an unflawed finished product.If the cementitious material is improperly applied, the resultingfinished product may have insufficient bonding and/or supportundesirably resulting in a flawed finished product susceptible todebonding and cracking.

Further in cement or tile installation, use of hand-held trowels dependson the skill level of the end-user in providing a consistent, smooth andlevel surface. While some cementitious materials are available inready-to-use forms (i.e., do not require mixing prior to use), othermaterials are provided in a dry or powdered state that requirepreparation prior to use thereof. In those cementitious materials thatrequire preparation, it is up to the end-user to mix such materials witha proper amount of water to provide the material with a predeterminedthickness or density. Although a skilled end-user may be able to producereasonably accurate work under these conditions, there is no way for askilled or unskilled end-user to ensure he/she is properly using thetrowel, has mixed the cementitious material with the correct ratio ofwater to material, or is performing an accurate installation that willgenerate acceptable results.

As trowels are often used to install cementitious materials alone or incombination with tile installations, the use and monitoring of trowelusage and material application is not supported by current trowels.

Accordingly, a need exists in the art for improved systems, methods ofmaking, and the resultant trowels that are capable of sensing andmonitoring trowel usage, trowel performance, end-user performance,applied material properties as well as material applications.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disclosed embodiments of the invention relate to electronic trowelsfor applying a layer of material. The trowels include a handle, at leastone blade, and one or more sensors residing on or within the trowel. Thetrowel is for applying a layer of material over a surface area, wherebythe one or more sensors detect and collect material installation dataduring application of the layer of material over the surface area. Oneor more electronic devices coupled to the one or more sensors receiveand analyze the collected installation data for monitoring andcontrolling the application of the layer of material to ensure a desiredend product is achieved.

In various embodiments the electronic devices may analyze the collectedinstallation data to identify any errors in the application of the layerof material for correction by an installer either before, during, orafter the installation process, or combinations thereof. The one or moresensors may be attached to the handle, to the at least one blade, to ashank of the trowel, or any combination thereof. The one or more sensorsmay include temperature sensors, location sensors, infrared sensors,ultrasound sensors, pH sensors, movement sensors, and/or opticalsensors.

In one or more embodiments, the one or more sensors may detect a heightand a pattern of the applied layer of material for determining whetherany slumping of ridges of the applied layer of material is presentwithin the applied layer of material. Suitable sensors may include, forinstance, infrared sensors or ultrasound sensors, or movement sensorsthat detect the height and the pattern of the applied layer of material.In other embodiments the one or more sensors may be capable of capturingforces and stresses exerted on the end user for using in ensuringinstaller safety.

In certain embodiments the one or more sensors may detect workingconditions of the application process for determining whether themixture of the material being applied has a correct proportion ofmaterial to water prior to use thereof. These sensors may include, butare not limited to, a density detection sensor, temperature sensors, andthe like. The sensors may also include pressure sensors that detectback-resistance forces of the applied material for determining whetherthe material being applied has the correct proportion of material towater prior to use thereof. If the detected back-resistance forces arelower than a predetermined ideal back-resistance force, then the mixtureof the material includes too much water. However, if the detectedback-resistance forces are higher than the predetermined idealback-resistance force, then the mixture of the material needs morewater.

In embodiments of the invention the one or more sensors of the presentelectronic trowels may be a force meter that measures trowel applicationparameters comprising application time, trowel acceleration, trowelangle, and trowel directional movement, whereby these measuredparameters are used to determine whether the material being applied isformulated correctly. The force meter may include one or more componentparts that reside on and within the handle of the trowel. In theseembodiments, an accelerometer may measure the trowel acceleration, agyroscope may measure the trowel angle, and a magnetometer may measurethe trowel directional movement.

Embodiments of the invention also relate to methods for applying a layerof material whereby a surface area is identified, a material fordepositing on the surface area provided, and the material applied usinga trowel having a handle, at least one blade, and one or more sensorsresiding on or within the trowel. The material is applied to the surfacearea using the trowel whereby, during the application process, the oneor more sensors detect and collect installation data from the process ofapplying the layer of material over the surface area using the trowel.This installation data is transmitted to one or more electronic devicescoupled to the one or more sensors, and is then analyzed using suchelectronic devices to identify and correct for any errors in theapplication of the material

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of the invention believed to be novel and the elementscharacteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in theappended claims. The figures are for illustration purposes only and arenot drawn to scale. The invention itself, however, both as toorganization and method of operation, may best be understood byreference to the detailed description which follows taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a trowel having at least one electronic component formonitoring and controlling trowel usage and performance in accordancewith embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a trowel having multiple electronic components formonitoring and controlling trowel usage and performance in accordancewith various embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates other embodiments of one or more digital componentson various locations of trowels in accordance with one or moreembodiments of the invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates still other embodiments of trowels of the inventionhaving an electronic component attached to the bottom of the blade formonitoring and controlling trowel usage and performance in accordancewith embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 5A-5F illustrate various types of trowels suitable for use in theinvention, each having one or more electronic components for monitoringand controlling trowel usage and performance in accordance with theinvention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an electronic trowel of the invention maintainingquality control of an applied material over a substrate in accordancewith the invention.

FIG. 7 is a table depicting experimental results using an electronictrowel in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

In describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention,reference will be made herein to FIGS. 1-7 of the attached drawings, aswell as the drawings detailed herein below.

Currently available trowels for use in masonry, concrete, construction,and applying adhesives (such as those used in tiling and layingsynthetic flooring) include, but are not limited to, a bricklayer'strowel, pointing trowel, tuck pointing trowel, float trowel (finishingtrowel), gauging trowel, pool trowel, margin trowel, notched trowel, andthe like. However, each of these available trowels are limited infunctionality since they only allow the installer to installingmaterials using such trowel, whereby the installer must assess, monitor,analyze and control the application process of such materials. That is,known trowels do not provide an installer any feedback during and/orafter the material installation process. The challenge with improvingthe efficiency of tile installations is that there is not a ready supplyof usage data from the end-user on the jobsite, short of doing an onsiteobservational study.

In accordance with the various embodiments, the invention provides asolution to conventional trowels that do not provide an installer withfeedback during and/or after the material installation process. In oneor more embodiments the invention provides systems, methods of makingelectronic trowels and the resultant electronic trowels 100 that providean installer with feedback during and/or after the material installationprocess. While not meant to be limiting, the various trowels of theinvention are capable of sensing and monitoring at least trowel usage,trowel performance, end-user performance, applied material properties aswell as properties of the applied material itself. Various otherattributes and parameters related to trowel usage, materialapplications, and trowel end-user work performance may be sensed,determined and analyzed in accordance with the various embodiments ofthe invention.

Trowels are often used in applying grouts, thin set mortars and othermaterials used in construction or flooring installation. Trowels areavailable as manual use hand-held trowels and mechanical poweredtrowels. In one or more embodiments, the invention is particularlysuitable for use with manual use hand-held trowels, although it shouldbe appreciated that the various components of the invention (i.e.,sensors, monitors, electronics, digital components, smart components,etc.) are also suitable for use with standing and/or mechanical poweredtrowels.

The electronic trowels 100 of the invention are suitable for use inapplying a variety of different materials including, but not limited to,masonry, concrete, construction, and applying adhesives, waterproofingor other tiling materials. Electronic trowels 100 of the invention areprovided as electronic bricklayer trowels, electronic pointing trowel,electronic tuck-pointing trowel, electronic float trowel (electronicfinishing trowel), electronic gauging trowel, electronic pool trowel,electronic margin trowel, electronic notched trowel, and various otherelectronic trowels.

For ease of understanding the invention, embodiments of the inventionare described herein in relation to components of the invention affixedto or residing within or on manual use hand-held trowels. Again, itshould be appreciated that the trowel of the invention may be ahand-held trowel, standing trowel or mechanical trowel. Referring toFIGS. 1-5F, various electronic trowels 100 of the invention aredepicted. The hand-held trowels 100 may include at least one handle 10attached to at least one base plate or blade 20 via at least one shank30. The handle 10 may be composed of any type of material including, forinstance, wood, plastic, metal, a composite material, and the like. Asshown in the drawings, the handle 10 may be a short handle or a longhandle, and the handle 10 may be attached to the blade 20 at singlefixation end or two or more fixation ends. Suitable trowel handles 10for use in the invention may have a variety of different shapes andsizes, whereby short handled trowels 100 are typically used for bendingor kneeling troweling applications, while long handled trowels 100 aretypically for standing trowel applications. The long handles allowinstallers to trowel materials (e.g., thin set mortar) without walkingon such material, however, the pressures applied are often less thanthat applied with the short handle trowel.

The blade 20 of the present trowels 100 may have flat surface areas forapplying and spreading the materials smoothly. The blades 20 typicallyhave flat surface areas for applying and spreading the materialssmoothly. Trowels 100 of the invention may have a single flat blade,multiple flat blades, or even v-shaped blades for forming angles. Theseblades 20 may be made of steel (e.g., blue steel, stainless, high-carbonsteel, etc.), cast stainless steel, and the like. The trowel blades 20may have a variety of different sizes and shapes. For instance, theblades 20 may have sizes ranging from about 8×3-inch, 14×4-inch trowel,a 16×4-inch trowel, or even trowel blades having lengths in feet (e.g.,ranging from 2 to 4 feet). As shown in the drawings, suitable blade 20shapes of the invention may vary. These blade shapes may include, butare not limited to, square, rectangular, oval, triangular, or even anyof these shapes having rounded or square ends.

The various trowels 100 of the invention also include one or moreelectronic trowel sensory units 50 that may reside on the trowel, residewithin parts of the trowel, may be permanently or removablyattached/affixed to the trowel, or even comprise a part of the trowel.Various trowel sensory units of the invention, and suitable for use withthe invention include, but are not limited, trowel sensory units thatprovide the abilities of at least sensing, recording, monitoring, andanalyzing job site trowel usage data, trowel performance, materialinstallation sufficiency, properties of materials being installed,properties of installation process, time of installation, and variousother trowel usage, installation parameters, and end-user performancedata. While the foregoing describes various uses and capabilities of thetrowels 100 of the invention, it should be appreciated that theparameter being monitored may be any measure, feature or data associatedor involved with the installation of materials using a trowel.

In one or more embodiments, the trowel sensory units 50 may be installedin, or on, any location of the trowel for obtaining desired installationdata to enable proper material application to ensure reliable unflawedmaterial installation. That is, referring at least to FIGS. 1 and 2, thetrowel sensory unit 50 may be installed within or on the trowel handle10. For instance, one or more sensors 50 may be installed on the handle10 of the trowel either on a surface thereof or embedded/inserted into acavity region of the handle 10, such that, the sensory unit 50 residesentirely within the handle 10. Alternatively, the sensory unit 50 mayreside both within or on the handle 50 in combination with on the blade20 portion of the trowel 100. Sensory units 50 may also be provided onthe shank 30 portion of the instant trowels 100.

The trowel sensory units 50 of the invention may be digital and/orwireless sensors to provide current trowel usage data, end-user use andperformance data, applied material property data, and the like (hereinreferred to as “trowel usage data”). Each trowel 100 may be providedwith one or more sensory units 50 providing the ability tosimultaneously measure various different installation and end-userparameters to ensure a reliable and quality end product. As shown inFIGS. 1-4 the trowel sensory units 50 include at least one sensor 52, 56or 58, and at least one microprocessor 54 for monitoring, analyzing,storing and transmitting trowel usage data to one or more end-users. Theuse of multiple sensors in one or more locations of the trowel allowsfor various functionality parameters, data, and properties to becollected and analyzed simultaneously to ensure proper materialinstallation using such trowel of the invention.

In one or more embodiments, the at least one sensor 52, 56 or 58 maycomprise a sensor 52 that is physically connected to at least onemicroprocessor 54 (see, e.g., FIGS. 1 and 2), or a sensor 56 that isremotely connected to at least one microprocessor 54 (see, e.g., FIGS.2, 3 and 4), or even a sensor 58 that is a part of the trowel itself(e.g., the sensor is the blade itself, or a component thereof) that isphysically or remotely connected to at least one microprocessor 54 (see,e.g., FIG. 4).

Various sensors 52, 56, 58, etc. suitable for use in the invention mayinclude one or more of the following sensors: temperaturesensor/thermal/heat/temperature sensor (e.g., thermistors,thermocouples, IC, etc.), IR sensor, UV sensor, ultrasonic sensor,chemical sensor, electric current/electric potential/magnetic sensor,flow/fluid sensor,position/angle/displacement/distance/speed/acceleration sensors,proximity sensor, pressure sensor, level sensors, force sensor, densitysensor, Hall-effect sensors.

The position/angle/displacement/distance/speed/acceleration sensors mayinclude, but are not limited to, the following sensors: capacitivesensing, flex sensor, gyroscopic sensor, impact sensor, inclinometer,integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor, laser rangefinder, lasersurface velocimeter, linear encoder, linear variable differentialtransformer (LVDT), photoelectric sensor, accelerometer, piezoelectricaccelerometer, position sensor, position sensitive device, angular ratesensor, rotary encoder, rotary variable differential transformer, shockdetector, shock data logger, ultrasonic thickness gauge, ultra-widebandradar, variable reluctance sensor, velocity receiver, moisture sensor,humidity sensor, speed sensor, mass, tilt sensor, force sensor,viscosity sensor, and the like, or combinations thereof.

All of the above sensors 52, 56, 58, etc. of the invention detect andcollect data, which may then be transferred to and analyzed by ananalytical device, such as, at least one microprocessor 54 (e.g., anintegrated circuit (IC), computer, etc.). In one or more embodiments,the at least one microprocessor 54 of the sensory units 50 may includevarious integrated circuits (IC), computer software and analytics toanalyze the on-site installation process, techniques and parameters. Theanalyzed trowel installation data may be stored (either on the trowel(e.g., a SIM card in/on the sensory unit attached to the trowel) or itmay be stored remotely from the trowel (e.g., via Bluetooth devicestored off the device on a computer/server).

The stored results may be reported to end-users after installation iscomplete for downstream analysis and creating a profile history of thetrowel installed material and resultant product. For instance, on-siteinstallation processing, techniques and parameter information collectedwith the instant digital trowel may include time spent tiling and nottiling, linear feet of tile laid, applied material coverage, appliedmaterial thickness, and the like.

In embodiments of the invention, the collected trowel usage data isconfigurable with a variety of design, layout, project, and softwareplatforms. For instance, the collected trowel usage data may beconfigurable with AutoCAD, BIM, Sage, Procore, Microsoft Project, andthe like. The collected trowel usage data may also be configurable andtransmittable to a smart device 60 having at least one microprocessor54. These transmissions may be made by WIFI, SIM card, USB port withinternal drive, Bluetooth, cellular networks (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.),as well as low frequency data exchanges with future smart devices. Thevarious sensory units 50 of the invention may be powered by a batterycell, plug-in charge, plug-in charge with a battery, removable batterypack, wireless charging, etc.

The trowel sensory units 50 may further include one or more alertdevices to notify an installer in real-time or during installation sothat the installer can modify, adjust or correct installationfeatures/parameters to ensure proper material application during theinstallation process. These alert devices may be a component within thesensors 52, 56, 58, etc. or the microprocessors 54 of the invention.Alert or notification devices suitable for use in the invention mayinclude, but are not limited to, sound alert devices to send differentsignals based on either proper or improper material installation,display screen(s) having various visual notifications (e.g., differentcolors, numbers, text, graphical displays, etc.) to depict differentfeatures/parameters of the trowel and/or the material being installedduring the installation process to ensure proper material application(e.g., to ensure sufficient material application thickness, areacoverage, wetness, density, etc.), and the like.

While not meant to be limiting, the sensors 52, 56, 58, etc. of theinvention may be one or more temperature sensors 56 residing, forinstance, on the blade 20. These temperature sensors 56 may be infraredtemperature readers for determining installation temperatures.Temperature is a key variable in the rate of applied material curing,and if temperatures are at risk for the material curing too fast, suchdata may be transmitted to the end-user that the applied material is atrisk of flash setting. The end-user may then rectify the situation byadjusting hydration levels of the applied material (e.g., increasingamount of fluid mixed with applied material) since the amount ofhydration affects cure rates. Alternatively, hydration levels of theapplied material may be decreased depending upon the sensed temperatureswhich may jeopardize tile installation.

In certain embodiments the sensors 52, 56, 58, etc. may be one or morepressure sensors. The pressure sensors 58 may reside on the blade 20 tomeasure back resistance (force) of the applied material (i.e., theamount of resistance asserted on the trowel as the end-user moves backover the applied material. This back-resistance pressure measure may beused to determine quality of mixed applied material, that is, determinewhether the applied material is mixed properly. For instance, if theapplied material requires mixing with water prior to use thereof, thepressure sensors 58 provides a back-resistance measure that enables theend-user to determine if the material is mixed properly. The appliedmaterials may be provided with an ideal back resistance measure (e.g. anideal density), and if the measured back-resistance data from thesensors provides a lower measure than the ideal back resistance measure,then the end-user is able to ascertain that the applied material wasmixed with too much water. The end-user may then adjust the materialcomposition, or adjust the installation procedures to accommodate theimproperly mixed material. Similarly, if the measure back resistancedata is higher than the ideal measure, then it may be determined thatthe material was not mixed with enough water and adjustments made tocorrect the product.

In various embodiments of the invention pressure sensors 52 may also beprovided on or within the handle 10. Like pressure sensors 58 on blade20, these handle sensors 20 may also be used to detect, measure andprovide force data during application of the applied materials. Themeasured forces may include back resistance forces, as well as forwardmovement forces to determine applied materials properties and end-userexertion force data. That is, the sensor may detect forces that theend-user experiences during use of the instant trowel 100, which may beused to monitor the health and safety of end-user employees, train onbest practices, or identify other issues related to workman performanceand product efficiency.

The sensors of the invention also include distance sensors that measurethe linear feet or square feet the trowel moves, such that, the linearfeet distance of tile to be installed may be determined (e.g., todetermine the amount of tile needed). From this measured linear orsquare feet, in combination with the measured amount of time it took theinstaller to install the tile, worker performance may be ascertained tomonitor workman job performance. Using this data, a company may maintainquality control over its workers to ensure job criteria and performanceis met to company standards.

In addition to using the measured back resistance (force), the sensorsof the invention may also determine the trowel angle during use, andbased on the determined trowel angle in combination with the measuredback resistance (force), the mix quality of the applied material may bedetermined. Other sensors suitable for use with the invention mayinclude pH sensors, which may reside on the edges of the blade, bottomof the blade, or on the teeth of the blade to detect and measure the pHof the applied material to ensure mix quality.

The sensors may also include movement sensors attached to any locationof the trowel to detect any missed areas or slump of the edges of theapplied material for ensuring quality and performance (e.g., when mortaris applied it must hold its lines and not collapse as shown in FIG. 6).The flex or flexibility of the blade 20 may also be measured using oneor more flex movement sensors to ensure smooth and full coverage of thematerial being applied (spread) to the substrate. This may be desirablefor trowels having flexible blue steel blades since too much flex mayresult in uneven or incomplete material application. These flex movementsensors on the present trowels 100 enable the installer to determine thedegree of flexing of the blade, if any, and correct for any undesired ornot enough flex of the blade to ensure proper materialinstallation/application.

Other trowel working conditions may be obtained by providing the presenttrowels 100 with location sensors (e.g., GPS sensor) to determine andrecord usage locations, and durations thereof. In this manner,production schedules may be determined and set so that an entity (e.g.,company/foreman) may manage its installers. These location sensors mayalso let the entity (e.g., company/foreman) know where work is beingdone for one or more days, and communicate such data back to projectplanning software that records and analyzes project progress as comparedto the desired project schedule or timeline. Air quality sensors mayalso be secured on the trowel to provide feedback on VOC (volatileorganic compounds) or other pathogens, containments, pollutants, etc. toensure that the area is safe to work.

In one or more embodiments the sensors 52, 56, 58, etc. may be one ormore optic sensors, or infrared or ultrasound sensors. The optic sensorsmay include optical light sensors positioned on any location of thetrowel for scanning the material as it is being applied to ensure thematerial is being applied correctly. The optical light sensors may beprogrammed to detect applied material consistency, and any defectstherein. The scanning may be a visual scan process that is recorded fordownstream use, such as documentation the material was applied correctlyand/or the correct product was installed (e.g., to prove the correctcolor material was installed). The infrared or ultrasound sensors may beused alone or in combination with the optic sensors to scan the appliedmaterial and substrate. These measured data points may include, but arenot limited to, data points from spatial dimensions, distance from thefloor and height/width of the mortar placement, guaranteed coverage ofthe mortar over the substrate (goal is full coverage), material densityreadings to ensure homogenous mix quality, and the like. The opticsensors and/or infrared/ultrasound sensors may be positioned or resideon any location of the trowel. For instance, they may reside on orwithin the handle 10 to reach a wider array of data points, or a numberof sensors may reside on edges of the blade, or even the blade itselfmay comprise the optic and/or infrared/ultrasound sensors.

In accordance with the various embodiments of the invention, theelectronic trowels 100 of the invention provide users the ability ofmonitoring applied pressures, degree (angle) of pressure, amount ofmaterial in one or more selected areas (to make sure the mortar/thin setmortar is spread to completely cover the desired application area, andin sufficient amounts to provide a reliable product), patterns ortechniques of applying materials (e.g., determine if material applied instraight lines or swirl pattern). The present trowels 100 providecapabilities of detecting, identifying, measuring, and analyzing trowelusage and end-user usage parameters.

The installer may be provided with such information so that theinstaller may correct any identified problems or deficiencies duringtrowel 100 usage to avoid problems of the prior art (e.g., avoidunsupported space or voids under the tiles (which may be created bytrapped air, and may crack the applied tile or cause bond failure),avoid weak or uneven material spots that can be easily damaged by impactor heavy loads, minimize lippage, minimize tile breakage as well asother costly tile installation problems). The present electronic sensortrowels enable the installation of an accurately trowel installed areaand tiled surface area, which is reliable, has strong bonds between thetile and the substrate, has adequate density and wear resistance, and issubstantially unflawed, thereby avoiding tile cracking and/ordebonding/delamination.

Referring to FIG. 7, experimental data from exemplary embodiments of theinvention are depicted using an electronic trowel 100 of the inventionhaving an embedded sensor unit 50. The sensor unit 50 was attached tothe handle 10 of the trowel, and included a sensor 52 in combinationwith an analytical device comprising a microprocessor 54. The sensoryunit 50 implemented was force meter comprising a SparkFun 9DoF Razor IMUM0, which includes a sensor combined with a microprocessor and providesa small, re-programmable, multi-purpose inertial measurement unit (IMU).The sensor and microprocessor were provided on and within the handle(e.g., incorporated into the hollowed-out handle of a trowel),respectively. The sensor unit 50 may be combined with a lithium batteryand a microSD card to provide a digital electronic trowel in accordancewith embodiments of the invention.

The sensory unit 50 implemented in FIG. 7 includes three-axis sensors,namely, an accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. Referring to FIG.7, the parameters measured and recoded during trowel usage and materialapplication included, but were not limited to, time, linear acceleration(accelerometer), angular rotation velocity (gyroscope), and magneticfield vector (magnetometer). The linear acceleration sensing capturedforce and speed data relating to the changes in movement of the trowel100 in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. The gyroscope sensing obtainedthe angle movements of the trowel during use in the x-axis, y-axis, andz-axis, and the magnetometer sensing measured the direction of themovement of the trowel in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. The sensingunit with its sensors may be programmed to monitor, record data and logmotion, transmit Euler angles over a serial port, or to even act as astep-counting pedometer.

Using the data of FIG. 7, an end-user or user is able to use the data todetermine translation of degrees per second into coverage by using aconversion table of implied coverage at a specified angle to obtainoptimal material coverage with superior performance and reliability inthe finished product. For instance, using the data of FIG. 7 it may bedetermined that the trowel was moved 2 feet at an angle of 45 degrees inthe north facing direction at a rate of 1 foot per second. Whencombining this information with time studies and analytics (e.g., usingone or more of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learningtechniques, and/or other analytical tools), it may be determined that 5sq. ft. of tile was installed over 2 mins. Additional collected datadetailed the number of passes prior to install, stoppage time, delays ininstallation, if the angle is in-line with installation guidelines,coverage, and the like.

The above sensor(s) and parameters measured are exemplary and are notmeant to limit the invention in any manner. In the various embodimentsof the invention, a variety of different types of sensors or detectiondevices may be included within or on a trowel. The trowel of theinvention may be a hand-held trowel, standing trowel or mechanicaltrowel. It should also be appreciated that the sensors may be applied toother apparatus used to install or level a material over a substrate onwhich tiling is to be laid. For instance, sensors may be attached to orprovided within a mechanical device used for automated tiling (not justin trowels—whether the trowel is a hand tool, standing tool ormechanical tool). In the various embodiments of the invention, thetrowels 100 and all of the sensory units 50 may be waterproof to allowfor easy cleaning thereof.

The electronic trowels 100 of the invention may include combined withsoftware and/or trowel hardware for collecting ambient environmentalconditions for installation. For instance, ambient conditions may becollected and combined with the trowel 100 via software using externalresources (e.g., NOAA national oceanic and atmospheric association basedon location), or using sensors on the trowel that collect humidity, dewpoint, temperature, and wind speeds, or even by manually entering suchdata into paired software. The electronic trowels 100 of the inventionmay also be used with video analytics and other job site sensors thatall feed into project software to corroborate real-time productivitydata during usage of the trowel 100.

While the present invention has been particularly described, inconjunction with a specific preferred embodiment, it is evident thatmany alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent tothose skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. It istherefore contemplated that the appended claims will embrace any suchalternatives, modifications and variations as falling within the truescope and spirit of the present invention.

Thus, having described the invention, what is claimed is:
 1. Anelectronic trowel for applying a layer of material comprising: a trowelhaving a handle and at least one blade, the trowel is for applying alayer of material over a surface area; one or more sensors on the troweldetecting and collecting material installation data during applicationof the layer of material over the surface area using the trowel; and oneor more electronic devices coupled to the one or more sensors to receiveand analyze the collected installation data for monitoring andcontrolling said application of the layer of material to ensure adesired end product is achieved.
 2. The electronic trowel of claim 1wherein the one or more electronic devices analyze the collectedinstallation data to identify any errors in the application of the layerof material for correction by an installer during the installationprocess.
 3. The electronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the one or moreelectronic devices analyze the collected installation data to identifyany errors in the application of the layer of material for correction byan installer after the installation process.
 4. The electronic trowel ofclaim 1 wherein the one or more sensors are attached to the handle ofthe trowel.
 5. The electronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the one or moresensors are attached to the at least one blade of the trowel.
 6. Theelectronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the trowel further includes a shankthat attaches the handle to the blade, the one or more sensors areattached to the shank.
 7. The electronic trowel of claim 1 wherein theone or more sensors comprise one or more blades of the trowel.
 8. Theelectronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the one or more sensors areselected from the group consisting of temperature sensors, locationsensors, infrared sensors, ultrasound sensors, pH sensors, movementsensors, and optical sensors.
 9. The electronic trowel of claim 1wherein the one or more sensors detect a height and a pattern of theapplied layer of material for determining whether any slumping of ridgesof the applied layer of material is present within the applied layer ofmaterial.
 10. The electronic trowel of claim 9 wherein the one or moresensors comprise infrared sensors, ultrasound sensors, or movementsensors that detect the height and the pattern of the applied layer ofmaterial.
 11. The electronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the trowelcomprises a hand-held trowel, a standing trowel, or a mechanical trowel.12. The electronic trowel of claim 1 wherein the one or more sensors arecapable of capturing forces and stresses exerted on the end user forusing in ensuring installer safety.
 13. The electronic trowel of claim 1wherein the one or more sensors detect working conditions of theapplication process for determining whether the mixture of the materialbeing applied has a correct proportion of material to water prior to usethereof.
 14. The electronic trowel of claim 13 wherein the one or moresensors detect a density of the layer of material to ensure a homogenousmixture of the material being applied.
 15. The electronic trowel ofclaim 13 wherein the one or more sensors comprise temperature sensorsthat detect a temperature of the working conditions.
 16. The electronictrowel of claim 13 wherein the one or more sensors comprise pressuresensors that detect back-resistance forces of the applied material fordetermining whether the material being applied has the correctproportion of material to water prior to use thereof, wherein detectedback-resistance forces lower than a predetermined ideal back-resistanceforce indicate that the mixture of the material includes too much water,and wherein detected back-resistance forces higher than thepredetermined ideal back-resistance force indicate that the mixture ofthe material needs more water.
 17. The electronic trowel of claim 1wherein the one or more sensors comprise at least one force meter thatmeasures trowel application parameters comprising application time,trowel acceleration, trowel angle, and trowel directional movement,whereby these measured parameters are used to determine whether thematerial being applied is formulated correctly.
 18. The electronictrowel of claim 17 wherein the at least one force meter comprises one ormore component parts that reside on and within the handle of the trowel.19. The electronic trowel of claim 17 wherein an accelerometer measuresthe trowel acceleration, a gyroscope measures the trowel angle, and amagnetometer measures the trowel directional movement.
 20. A method forapplying a layer of material comprising: identifying a surface area;providing a material to be applied over the surface area; providing atrowel having a handle, at least one blade, and one or more sensorsresiding on or within the trowel; applying the material to the surfacearea using the trowel whereby during the application process the one ormore sensors detect and collect installation data from the process ofapplying the layer of material over the surface area using the trowel;transmitting the installation data to one or more electronic devicescoupled to the one or more sensors; and analyze the collectedinstallation data using the one or more electronic devices to identifyand correct for any errors in the application of the material.